People are used to the combination of diabetes. But there is also a disease called diabetes insipidus . This condition is characterized by the impossibility of delaying water in the body. This is a very rare condition that occurs in 1 out of 25,000 people, and it consists in the fact that, while consuming a large amount of fluid, a person does not hold it, releasing a large amount of extremely diluted urine, the consistency of which cannot be restored. At the same time, he is very thirsty. Diabetes mellitus appears in a person for completely different reasons than sugar.
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by two main symptoms: polyuria (i.e. intensive urination) and intense thirst, which cannot be completely satisfied. In most cases, diabetes insipidus occurs because the body improperly produces, stores, and releases the hormone arginine-vasopressin. This hormone is sometimes also called antidiuretic. The second most frequent cause can be called improper functioning of the kidneys, which respond poorly to antidiuretic hormone.
There are three types of diabetes insipidus: neurogenic diabetes insipidus (deficiency of antidiuretic hormone), nephrogenic (renal insensitivity to this hormone), gestational (occurs during pregnancy). Diabetes-type diabetes can occur due to a brain injury that affects the hypothalamus (and / or pituitary gland), the gland that secrets the diuretic hormone. Most often, such diabetes is temporary, the functions of these glands are restored quite quickly. Nephrogenic diabetes occurs due to impaired renal tubules. This can be either a congenital or an acquired disorder.
The first signs of diabetes insipidus are extreme thirst and dryness, which does not go away even after a person drank a large amount of liquid. With diabetes insipidus, a person can go to the toilet up to 15 times a day, emitting up to 15 liters of diluted urine. The urination rate for a person is 1.5-2.5 liters per day. Patients complain that approximately every 15-20 minutes they feel like going to the toilet. This factor makes it difficult for a person to live outside the home, where there is no toilet nearby.
Signs of diabetes insipidus include nocturia, i.e. frequent urination at night, during sleep. This phenomenon leads to impaired sleep and wakefulness, which leads to fatigue, irritability, problems with attention and concentration. Enuresis also becomes a sign of diabetes insipidus. This symptom is characterized by bedwetting. All this provokes a decrease in the overall health of a person who feels exhausted most of the time. In young children, all the symptoms of diabetes insipidus may also appear. At the same time, additional signs are also noted in the form of cold hands and feet, growth retardation, excessive urination and defecation, diarrhea, dry skin, fever, inconsolable crying, inexplicable fussiness of behavior, vomiting and weight loss. If these signs are found, consult a doctor.
The mechanism of diabetes insipidus is associated with a violation in the human body of the processes of consumption and excretion of fluid. The excretion of fluid in the form of urine is done by the kidneys. If the fluid level in the body drops, then the kidneys respond to this with less urine to maintain an adequate fluid level in the body. The amount of fluid consumed depends on how much a person wants to drink, although individual habits can make a person consume more fluids than necessary. The degree of secretion of antidiuretic hormone depends on the individual structure of the body. This hormone is released into the blood when water in the renal tubules begins to be absorbed into the bloodstream, as a result of which the urine concentrates. The occurrence of diabetes insipidus is associated precisely with a violation of this regulatory system.